basic respiratory anatomy worksheet

What are the two entrances for oxygen to enter the respiratory system? The nose and mouth
Where does the air go to from the nose and mouth? The trachea and the pharnx
In between the pharynx and the trachea what structure does this lesson leave out? The esophagus
Where is the trachea located in reference to the esophagus? Its located on the opposite side of the esophagus
What structures moisten the air in the Respiratory System? The nose and mouth
What is the name for the small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles? Alveoli
Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? The alveoli and it covered by capillaries
What is the main muscle of respiration? The lungs
What happens when we inhale? Exhale? When we inhale, the diaphram contracts. When we exhale, it relaxes.
Sketch a picture of the respiratory system. Include the following structures: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs.

The Heart Worksheet

All vertebrates have what type of circulatory system? Closed circulatory system
How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis? through water, electrolyte transport, fluid volume control, adn regulation of pH and of body temperature.
Name 4 functions of the circulatory system. It carries hormones that hepl with body functions, it transport gases, it trasport antibodies and it produces them.
What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? arteries
What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart called? Veins
What is the sac that surrounds the heart called? Pericardium
What is the muscular portion of the heart called? myocardium
What is the lining of the myocardium called? endocardium
What is the name of the upper cavities of the heart? The lower cavities? Atrium. Ventricles
What veins carry blood to the left atrium? The right atrium? pulmonary.superior and inferior vena cava
What arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle? The right ventricle?

nervous system article

This article is about a stem cell researcher found a new way to use cells.A stem cell research is research on cells to see what their capable of . He found a way to weapon detection system that will help soldiers and other people in the war. This device could help anyone from a waste accident. This device is very ethical and very useful to soldiers that deal with chemical weapons and such.

I think this device work by the cells having a reaction to the chemical weapons and giving off a strange way to show that it is chemical weapons around. I think the device can be used by soldiers in war and can help them from getting attacked by a chemical weapon that you cannot see. It is very helpful and i think it can save people lives if they use it in war

senses graphic organizer

basic eye worsheet

The eye is part of which nervous system? The central nervous system.
What types of tissues give the eye protection? The fatty and connective tissue.
What structure in the eye produces tears? Lacrimal glands
What acts as an antibacterial layer in the eye? The conjunctia.
What is the cornea? The anterior portion of the sclera.
What layer of the eye contains the rods and cones? The retina.
What is the function of the rods? The cones? Rods are for daylight vision and cones are for night vision.
What is the colored part of the eye? The iris.
What structure allows light to enter the eye? The pupil.
Sketch picture of eye with following labeled: lacrimal glands, eyelashes, iris, pupil, cornea, lens, eyelid, sclera, choroids, optic nerve, and retina

Basic Ear Anatomy Worksheet

Sketch a picture of an ear and label the following:
Inner ear
middle ear
outer ear
pinna
tympanic membrane
cochlea
stapes
malleus
incus
What is the function of the following:
Pinna –A flap of cartilage, which has the sole purpose of directing sound, waves.
tympanic membrane –The ear drum.
ossicles –attached to the ear drum and has three small bones.
cochlea –Tiny hairs which moves as the fluid in the cochlea moves.
semicircular canals-Deals with balance, the equilibrium of the body.
3. What three bones make up the ossicles? The incus, malleus, and stapes.
What is the function of hairs in the ear? It keeps objects from getting in.

Basic Nervous System Anatomy Worksheet

What does CNS and PNS stand for? Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
What are the parts of the CNS? The brain, spinal cord, and it control thinking. Memory, and behavior
Describe something that you do on a regular basis that your PNS controls. Walking. Your brain is sending a message to your body.
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and what does each control? Sympathetic and the parasympathetic. The sympathetic controls the body in time of stress, worry, fear, and emergency. The parasympathetic is the part of the autonomic nervous system consisting of nerves and ganglia that arise from the cranial and sacral regions and function in opposition to the sympathetic system, as in inhibiting heartbeat or contracting the pupil of the eye
5. What are the three main types of neurons? What is the function of each? Sensory takes your impulse from your body if you gotten burned to the spinal cord. A motor neuron is a nerve cell that conducts impulses to a muscle, gland, or other effector. An interneuron is any neuron having its cell body, axon, and dendrites entirely within the central nervous system, especially one that conveys impulses between a motor neuron and a sensory neuron.
What is the function of the axon of a nerve cell? The dendrite? The axon is the sending end of the neuron. The dendrite is the receiving end.
7. What is a synapse? A region where nerve impulses are transmitted and received. Encompassing the axon terminal of a neuron that releases neurotransmitters in response to an impulse. An extremely small gap across which the neurotransmitters travel, and the adjacent membrane of an axon, dendrite, or muscle or gland cell with the appropriate receptor molecules for picking up the neurotransmitters.
Sketch a neuron and label the axon and the dendrite.

Basic joint worksheet

Why is there little to no movement in a fibrous joint? The bones that make up the joint are united with strong fibrous tissue.
What is an example of a fibrous joint? Bones in the skull.
Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example. When two bones unite together. The vertebrae of the spinal column.
What type of joint essentially allows free movement? Synovial joint.
What lubricates a joint cavity? Synovial fluid.
For the following joint types please list the name of the joint type, the type of movement of the joint, the shape of the joint and an example.
Plane joint-Slightly curved surface, slipping in any direction. The carpal bones in the hand.
Hinge joint – One surface shaped like an irregular cylinder. The elbow is an example.
Condylar joint – Two articular surfaces on each bone. It permits other kinds of movement. The knee is an example.
Ball and Socket joint- A spherical articulation, which fits into a cup-shaped cavity on the other bone. The shoulder bone is an example.
Ellipsoidal joint – The socket joint is oval. It permits movement in a variety of directions. The wrist is an example.
Pivot joint – Has a bony peg, which fits into a concave notch. Between the radius and ulna is an example.
Saddle joint- The surface is concave in one direction, and convex in the other. The thumb is an example.

Article on Steroids

People use steroids to get bigger, stronger or even faster. They use it to try to be better at what they’re doing. In the MLB, they don’t test the players for the drugs, only the rookies and if they are positive for them nothing happens. For men, steroids can lead to baldness, enhanced breast, and shrunken testicles. For women, it can lead to manly features, deeper voice, and facial hair.
In professional sports, I think it should be illegal to use steroids. They should get tested daily for steroids, and if they were positive for them I would put them on suspension. It’s just another way of cheating. I would never use steroids because god made you a certain way for a reason.

Skeletal Muscle Physiology worksheet

What percent of the body is smooth muscle? Striated muscle? 5 to 10%. Striated muscle is 40%
Name 3 types of muscle proteins. What is the function of each? Stroma functions solely as an inert structural element, or skeleton, to hold the rest of the structures in place. Cellular is not specifically characteristics of muscle since they also found in other metabolistically active cells. Contractile is two types of protein, myosin and actin, are essential for contraction.
What is a myofibril? Form longitudinal striations in the muscle.
Sketch a picture of a sarcomere. Label the I-band, the A-band, the Z-line and the H-zone.
Name the two filaments that make up a sarcomere. Thick filament and thin filament.
Draw a sarcomere at rest, stretched out and contracted.
What is the sliding filament theory? That muscle contraction from the relative movement of the thick and thin filament past each other.
Muscle relaxation ensues upon the removal of what? The calcium ions.

Questions on video

Do you think that the symmetry test conducted on the baby was flawed? How? Describe how you would design an experiment that could fool the baby and skew the results. Yes. I don’t think you can get the information their looking for from that experiment. I don’t think you can tell if a baby thinks who is more beautiful just because he stares at one of them.
What is missing from this video about beauty? That beauty is more than yours is looks its about personality too. The video showed more white women than any other color or gender. I think the video was missing the whole point of beauty because it’s more to it then surgery, working out or looks.
What are features that might break the "typical" beauty rules? How are these different from the "typical" beauty rules? A feature that will break the typical beauty rules is clarity. Another is symmetrical. I think they are different because everyone is not perfectly symmetrical when it come to their body or have perfect clarity.
How does this video make you feel about beauty? It makes me feel that the people on this video have a different definition of the word beauty. I don’t think you need surgery on your body to become beautiful.
What is it about the skin that makes it return to its place? What property is this?
What are the risks of cosmetic surgery? Would you ever do it? What would you be willing to risk for cosmetic surgery? How long will it last? You can lose a lot of blood. I wouldn’t ever get cosmetic surgery. I wouldn’t be willing to risk anything for cosmetic surgery.
Someone in the video is quoted as saying "make-up can make anyone prettier." Do you agree with this? Support your answer. I don’t agree with that opinion. I think some people just use make-up to hide what they don’t like about themselves.
Do you think that there are cultural differences in how cosmetic surgery is viewed? Yes. Some cultures are against surgery and changing your body. Some people think it is wrong because god made you that way for a reason.

Basic Skeletal Anatomy Worksheet

Describe the 4 functions of bones. To protect the internal organs, to provide muscle attachment, to support the body, and produce blood cells.
How many bones are there in the human body? There are 206 bones in the human body.
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division. Axial. Clavicle, rib cage, sternum, xiphoid process, and pelvis. Appendicular. Humerus, fibia, tibia, radius, and ulna.
What bone makes up the upper arm? Humerus
What bone makes up the face? Skull
Name two bones that protect vital internal organs. Skull and rib cage
What bone in the forearm is always on thumb side? Ulna
What bone is movable for back muscles to attach to? Scapula
What bone is also known as the shin bone? Tibia
Sketch a human skeleton and label the following bones: skull, clavicle, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, patella, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, vertebral column, scapula and rib cage.

Integumentary System Questions

Integumentary System Questions
3.) These burns are superficial with injury to the epidermis and superficial dermis. These are second-degree burns and are characterized by ruptured weeping blisters. They are also erythematous and painful. Superficial partial-thickness burns heal spontaneously within 1-3 weeks. Deep partial thickness: These are deep burns with injury to the epidermis and deeper dermis, but some viable dermis remains. These are also considered second-degree burns but are whiter and less erythematous as the depth into the dermis increases.
6.) When the temperature rises outside, the body tries to cool itself by sweating and when this occurs, dehydration can become a concern, especially for children. Babies and small children feel the effects of heat faster and more seriously than adults, so keeping them hydrated is essential, Nearly 60 percent of the human body is made of water. Dehydration is result of loss of water and salts from the body. Water plays an important role in nearly every major function in the body including regulating body temperature, carrying nutrients and oxygen to cells, removing waste, cushioning joints and protecting organs and tissues.
8.) It will prevent the skin from blistering and peeling and will remove any inflammation caused by sunburn.
Review Questions
4.) Six functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation, storage and synthesis, excretion, and absorption.
5.) The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, and it lacks blood vessels. It’s composed of stratified squamous epithelium. The dermis is the thick layer of the skin beneath the epidermis, and has conical dermal papillae passing into the spaces between the ridges.
6.) The subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis consists of loose connective and adipose tissues. It contains the major blood vessels that supply the skin.
8.) The layers of the epidermis are Stratum coneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, and Stratum basale.
13.) Hair follicle is tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops. Hair develops from a group of epidermal cells at the base of the hair follicle.
15.) Nails are formed from skin cells. Special cells called epithelium form nails.
16.) The function of sebaceous glands contains groups of specialized epithelial cells and is usually associated with hair follicles.
22.) Radiation is one way of heat loss. It infrared heat rays escape from warmer surfaces to cooler surroundings. Another is Conduction. When heat moves from the body directly into the molecules of cooler objects in contact with its surface. The last one is to evaporation. When the body temperature rises above normal, The nervous system stimulates eccrine sweat glands to release sweat onto the surface of the skin.
25.) The Physiological Factors of the skin are Cyanosis, Carotene, and jaundice. Cyanosis is when the blood oxygen concentration is low, hemoglobin is dark red, and the skin appears bluish. A yellow-orange pigment causes carotene. It may give skin a yellowish cast if a person consumes too much of it. Jaundice can also cause a yellowish skin tone. A sequence of liver malfunction.
27.) A first degree is on the burning of the epidermis. Second degree is a burn that destroys some epidermis as well as some underlying dermis. Third degree is a burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and the accessory organs of the skin.
28.) One possible treatment is autograph. It’s when you take skin from an area of your body and place it in another area. Another is homograph. It’s when cadaveric skin from a skin bank may be used to cover the injury. The last one is heterograph. Its when you take another persons skin and add it to your body.
29.) Aging of skin is caused when the cell cycle slows, cells tend to grow larger and more irregular in shape. When you have liver spots its when sites of oxidation of fats in the secretory cells of apcrine and eccrine glands and reflect formation of oxygen free radicals. Also, when slowed melanin production causes hair to become gray or white as the follicle becomes a increasingly transparent.

Article On Homestasis

Article on Homeostasis
This article talks about how humans and mammals needed to find calcium to survive. Calcium is good for your body. It helps keep bones strong and healthy. The article has very useful facts about how vitamin D helps your body regulate. You can get enough vitamin D from drinking dairy products."Calcium homeostasis helps from blood clots, maintaining blood levels, and good for muscle contraction."
My reaction to this is that people need to eat more dairy products than sodas and other soft drinks. Exercising is another way to stay healthy. To stay healthy you must do that in order to have strong bones. To many people, vitamin D harm people because it can cause ostetoclast.

Drills on Diction

adip –adipose - Relating to fat. - Body fat is less commonly known as adipose tissue.bio – biology : the study of life - Biology was my favorite subject in 9th grade.capit - decapitate- To behead. - In the old days, people decapitate the criminals.cephal – cephalad – towards the head- Everybody have veins going cephalad.Corp –body – corpse –towards the head- There were many corpses in the cemetery.crani –cranium—the part of the skul that encloses the brain- The long fall cracked his cranium.dent –dental- relating to or used to the teeth- He needed several dental procedures.hist –history- the branch of knowledge that records and researches past events – Some believe you must understand your history before you can understand your future.later – lateral - to the side – The quarterback tossed the ball lateral.ocul –oculist- relating to the eye- The oculist considered becoming an optometristoste – osteoblast – a bone forming cell – People would not have bones if they lacked osteoblast.phag –phagocyte- a cell that eats bacteria – Phagocyte helps regulate your body –pluera- membrane lining the lung and chest cavity – The shot damaged his plueraquad – quadriceps - a large four-part muscle at the front of the thigh that facilitates leg extension-The football player had big quadriceps.stern –sternum- the breast bone – The bone in the middle of your chest is called the sternum. –abduct- movement of any extremity away from the midline of the body- To pass the ball the quarterback used abduction.ad –adrenaline- A hormone and neurotransmitter - Some people do crazy things just to get a adrenaline rush.angi - angiography- A procedure to x-ray blood vessels – The Hiv patient needed a angiograph – autograft - surgical transplantation of any tissue from one part of the body to another location on the same individual – The doctor signed his name on the patient rather than autograft his skin.centi –centimeter - A metric unit of measurement for length. – The carpenters measurement was off by 4 centimeters.dextro –dextrad- to the right – He adjusted his throw to the left to correct his dextrad precision.epi –epidemic- An outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and widely – Small pox was the epidemic that killed the majority of native americans.ex - excision – removal by surgery – Nephrectomy is the removal of the kidney by excision.inter – interrenal - Between the kidneys – The painful internal wound was interrenal,non - not capable of living or developing successfully – The doctor was relunctant to tell the patient they were nonviable.ortho - orthopedic- having to do with the bones. – The patient underwent orthopedic surgery.path -pathology- The study of disease – Pathology is becoming a mandatory class.pseudo –pseudopod- A transient protrusion or retractile process associated with cell movement and feeding.- The eukaryote cell became a pseudopod.sinistro –sinistrad – After the quarterback fixed his dextrad throw he began to throw sinistrally.cide –aborticide-the act of destroying a fetus – The doctor asked the patient was she sure she wanted to proceed with aborticide.itis –hepatitis- Inflammation of the liver – It’s not a secret that Pamela Anderson has hepatitis.logy –histology - The study of tissues and cells under a microscope. – .meter – pedometer- a device for measuring to distance walked – I walk with a meterpedometer measure the distance.plasty – osteoplasty - plastic surgery of the bones. – I went to the doctor when i broke my leg and he performed osteoplasty.Scope – otoscope - A small, lighted viewing instrument for the ear. – I went to the doctor and he looked inside my ear with a otoscope.

Organization of the human body


1) Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology. Anatomy is the structure of an animal or plant, or of any of its parts. Physiology is the branch of biology dealing with the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts.

2) Please organize the following structures in order from smallest to largest: system, tissue, organ, and cell. Cell, tissue, organ, and system.
3) In the term physiology the suffix -logy means what? The study of.
4) What is the type of membrane that lines all of the passages leading the exterior? Mucous
5) What do you call a mass of cells that all perform the same function? Organ
6) What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of nerve impulses?
7) The term epidermis contains a prefix and a root term. What is the root in this word and what does it mean? What is the prefix in this word and what does it mean? The root is derm, and it means skin. The prefix is epi, and it means outer.
8) The term cavity appears frequently in this lesson. What does it mean? It
means a hole.
9) Name the four main types of tissue and describe their function. Epithelial- covers the entire surface of the body. 2) Connective- supports and protects. 3) Muscle- is specialized for contraction. 4) Nerve- specialized for the conduction of neural impulse.


10) A cell is made of ___Cytoplasm_______________ except for the nucleus which is made of ____protoplasm______________.
11) What type of membrane lines joint cavities and outer surfaces of bones? Epidermis
12) What is an organ system? Organ systems are composed of two or more different organs that work together to provide a common function.
13) Name the five types of membranes and where each is located. 1) Cutaneous- in the skin. 2) Mucous- all passageways that lead to the exterior of the body. 3) Serous- lines closed cavities. 4) Fibrous- lines all joint cavities. 5) Fascia- membrane that covers muscle.
14) What is the function of the cell membrane? The nucleus?
15) The cutaneous membrane is made of two distinct layers. Name each of these layers and describe what they are made of. 1) Epidermis(outermost layer) 2) Dermis( corium).