What does CNS and PNS stand for? Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
What are the parts of the CNS? The brain, spinal cord, and it control thinking. Memory, and behavior
Describe something that you do on a regular basis that your PNS controls. Walking. Your brain is sending a message to your body.
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and what does each control? Sympathetic and the parasympathetic. The sympathetic controls the body in time of stress, worry, fear, and emergency. The parasympathetic is the part of the autonomic nervous system consisting of nerves and ganglia that arise from the cranial and sacral regions and function in opposition to the sympathetic system, as in inhibiting heartbeat or contracting the pupil of the eye
5. What are the three main types of neurons? What is the function of each? Sensory takes your impulse from your body if you gotten burned to the spinal cord. A motor neuron is a nerve cell that conducts impulses to a muscle, gland, or other effector. An interneuron is any neuron having its cell body, axon, and dendrites entirely within the central nervous system, especially one that conveys impulses between a motor neuron and a sensory neuron.
What is the function of the axon of a nerve cell? The dendrite? The axon is the sending end of the neuron. The dendrite is the receiving end.
7. What is a synapse? A region where nerve impulses are transmitted and received. Encompassing the axon terminal of a neuron that releases neurotransmitters in response to an impulse. An extremely small gap across which the neurotransmitters travel, and the adjacent membrane of an axon, dendrite, or muscle or gland cell with the appropriate receptor molecules for picking up the neurotransmitters.
Sketch a neuron and label the axon and the dendrite.
Thursday, September 27, 2007
Monday, September 24, 2007
Basic joint worksheet
Why is there little to no movement in a fibrous joint? The bones that make up the joint are united with strong fibrous tissue.
What is an example of a fibrous joint? Bones in the skull.
Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example. When two bones unite together. The vertebrae of the spinal column.
What type of joint essentially allows free movement? Synovial joint.
What lubricates a joint cavity? Synovial fluid.
For the following joint types please list the name of the joint type, the type of movement of the joint, the shape of the joint and an example.
Plane joint-Slightly curved surface, slipping in any direction. The carpal bones in the hand.
Hinge joint – One surface shaped like an irregular cylinder. The elbow is an example.
Condylar joint – Two articular surfaces on each bone. It permits other kinds of movement. The knee is an example.
Ball and Socket joint- A spherical articulation, which fits into a cup-shaped cavity on the other bone. The shoulder bone is an example.
Ellipsoidal joint – The socket joint is oval. It permits movement in a variety of directions. The wrist is an example.
Pivot joint – Has a bony peg, which fits into a concave notch. Between the radius and ulna is an example.
Saddle joint- The surface is concave in one direction, and convex in the other. The thumb is an example.
What is an example of a fibrous joint? Bones in the skull.
Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example. When two bones unite together. The vertebrae of the spinal column.
What type of joint essentially allows free movement? Synovial joint.
What lubricates a joint cavity? Synovial fluid.
For the following joint types please list the name of the joint type, the type of movement of the joint, the shape of the joint and an example.
Plane joint-Slightly curved surface, slipping in any direction. The carpal bones in the hand.
Hinge joint – One surface shaped like an irregular cylinder. The elbow is an example.
Condylar joint – Two articular surfaces on each bone. It permits other kinds of movement. The knee is an example.
Ball and Socket joint- A spherical articulation, which fits into a cup-shaped cavity on the other bone. The shoulder bone is an example.
Ellipsoidal joint – The socket joint is oval. It permits movement in a variety of directions. The wrist is an example.
Pivot joint – Has a bony peg, which fits into a concave notch. Between the radius and ulna is an example.
Saddle joint- The surface is concave in one direction, and convex in the other. The thumb is an example.
Thursday, September 20, 2007
Article on Steroids
People use steroids to get bigger, stronger or even faster. They use it to try to be better at what they’re doing. In the MLB, they don’t test the players for the drugs, only the rookies and if they are positive for them nothing happens. For men, steroids can lead to baldness, enhanced breast, and shrunken testicles. For women, it can lead to manly features, deeper voice, and facial hair.
In professional sports, I think it should be illegal to use steroids. They should get tested daily for steroids, and if they were positive for them I would put them on suspension. It’s just another way of cheating. I would never use steroids because god made you a certain way for a reason.
In professional sports, I think it should be illegal to use steroids. They should get tested daily for steroids, and if they were positive for them I would put them on suspension. It’s just another way of cheating. I would never use steroids because god made you a certain way for a reason.
Wednesday, September 19, 2007
Skeletal Muscle Physiology worksheet
What percent of the body is smooth muscle? Striated muscle? 5 to 10%. Striated muscle is 40%
Name 3 types of muscle proteins. What is the function of each? Stroma functions solely as an inert structural element, or skeleton, to hold the rest of the structures in place. Cellular is not specifically characteristics of muscle since they also found in other metabolistically active cells. Contractile is two types of protein, myosin and actin, are essential for contraction.
What is a myofibril? Form longitudinal striations in the muscle.
Sketch a picture of a sarcomere. Label the I-band, the A-band, the Z-line and the H-zone.
Name the two filaments that make up a sarcomere. Thick filament and thin filament.
Draw a sarcomere at rest, stretched out and contracted.
What is the sliding filament theory? That muscle contraction from the relative movement of the thick and thin filament past each other.
Muscle relaxation ensues upon the removal of what? The calcium ions.
Name 3 types of muscle proteins. What is the function of each? Stroma functions solely as an inert structural element, or skeleton, to hold the rest of the structures in place. Cellular is not specifically characteristics of muscle since they also found in other metabolistically active cells. Contractile is two types of protein, myosin and actin, are essential for contraction.
What is a myofibril? Form longitudinal striations in the muscle.
Sketch a picture of a sarcomere. Label the I-band, the A-band, the Z-line and the H-zone.
Name the two filaments that make up a sarcomere. Thick filament and thin filament.
Draw a sarcomere at rest, stretched out and contracted.
What is the sliding filament theory? That muscle contraction from the relative movement of the thick and thin filament past each other.
Muscle relaxation ensues upon the removal of what? The calcium ions.
Monday, September 17, 2007
Questions on video
Do you think that the symmetry test conducted on the baby was flawed? How? Describe how you would design an experiment that could fool the baby and skew the results. Yes. I don’t think you can get the information their looking for from that experiment. I don’t think you can tell if a baby thinks who is more beautiful just because he stares at one of them.
What is missing from this video about beauty? That beauty is more than yours is looks its about personality too. The video showed more white women than any other color or gender. I think the video was missing the whole point of beauty because it’s more to it then surgery, working out or looks.
What are features that might break the "typical" beauty rules? How are these different from the "typical" beauty rules? A feature that will break the typical beauty rules is clarity. Another is symmetrical. I think they are different because everyone is not perfectly symmetrical when it come to their body or have perfect clarity.
How does this video make you feel about beauty? It makes me feel that the people on this video have a different definition of the word beauty. I don’t think you need surgery on your body to become beautiful.
What is it about the skin that makes it return to its place? What property is this?
What are the risks of cosmetic surgery? Would you ever do it? What would you be willing to risk for cosmetic surgery? How long will it last? You can lose a lot of blood. I wouldn’t ever get cosmetic surgery. I wouldn’t be willing to risk anything for cosmetic surgery.
Someone in the video is quoted as saying "make-up can make anyone prettier." Do you agree with this? Support your answer. I don’t agree with that opinion. I think some people just use make-up to hide what they don’t like about themselves.
Do you think that there are cultural differences in how cosmetic surgery is viewed? Yes. Some cultures are against surgery and changing your body. Some people think it is wrong because god made you that way for a reason.
What is missing from this video about beauty? That beauty is more than yours is looks its about personality too. The video showed more white women than any other color or gender. I think the video was missing the whole point of beauty because it’s more to it then surgery, working out or looks.
What are features that might break the "typical" beauty rules? How are these different from the "typical" beauty rules? A feature that will break the typical beauty rules is clarity. Another is symmetrical. I think they are different because everyone is not perfectly symmetrical when it come to their body or have perfect clarity.
How does this video make you feel about beauty? It makes me feel that the people on this video have a different definition of the word beauty. I don’t think you need surgery on your body to become beautiful.
What is it about the skin that makes it return to its place? What property is this?
What are the risks of cosmetic surgery? Would you ever do it? What would you be willing to risk for cosmetic surgery? How long will it last? You can lose a lot of blood. I wouldn’t ever get cosmetic surgery. I wouldn’t be willing to risk anything for cosmetic surgery.
Someone in the video is quoted as saying "make-up can make anyone prettier." Do you agree with this? Support your answer. I don’t agree with that opinion. I think some people just use make-up to hide what they don’t like about themselves.
Do you think that there are cultural differences in how cosmetic surgery is viewed? Yes. Some cultures are against surgery and changing your body. Some people think it is wrong because god made you that way for a reason.
Basic Skeletal Anatomy Worksheet
Describe the 4 functions of bones. To protect the internal organs, to provide muscle attachment, to support the body, and produce blood cells.
How many bones are there in the human body? There are 206 bones in the human body.
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division. Axial. Clavicle, rib cage, sternum, xiphoid process, and pelvis. Appendicular. Humerus, fibia, tibia, radius, and ulna.
What bone makes up the upper arm? Humerus
What bone makes up the face? Skull
Name two bones that protect vital internal organs. Skull and rib cage
What bone in the forearm is always on thumb side? Ulna
What bone is movable for back muscles to attach to? Scapula
What bone is also known as the shin bone? Tibia
Sketch a human skeleton and label the following bones: skull, clavicle, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, patella, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, vertebral column, scapula and rib cage.
How many bones are there in the human body? There are 206 bones in the human body.
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division. Axial. Clavicle, rib cage, sternum, xiphoid process, and pelvis. Appendicular. Humerus, fibia, tibia, radius, and ulna.
What bone makes up the upper arm? Humerus
What bone makes up the face? Skull
Name two bones that protect vital internal organs. Skull and rib cage
What bone in the forearm is always on thumb side? Ulna
What bone is movable for back muscles to attach to? Scapula
What bone is also known as the shin bone? Tibia
Sketch a human skeleton and label the following bones: skull, clavicle, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, patella, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, vertebral column, scapula and rib cage.
Tuesday, September 11, 2007
Integumentary System Questions
Integumentary System Questions
3.) These burns are superficial with injury to the epidermis and superficial dermis. These are second-degree burns and are characterized by ruptured weeping blisters. They are also erythematous and painful. Superficial partial-thickness burns heal spontaneously within 1-3 weeks. Deep partial thickness: These are deep burns with injury to the epidermis and deeper dermis, but some viable dermis remains. These are also considered second-degree burns but are whiter and less erythematous as the depth into the dermis increases.
6.) When the temperature rises outside, the body tries to cool itself by sweating and when this occurs, dehydration can become a concern, especially for children. Babies and small children feel the effects of heat faster and more seriously than adults, so keeping them hydrated is essential, Nearly 60 percent of the human body is made of water. Dehydration is result of loss of water and salts from the body. Water plays an important role in nearly every major function in the body including regulating body temperature, carrying nutrients and oxygen to cells, removing waste, cushioning joints and protecting organs and tissues.
8.) It will prevent the skin from blistering and peeling and will remove any inflammation caused by sunburn.
Review Questions
4.) Six functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation, storage and synthesis, excretion, and absorption.
5.) The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, and it lacks blood vessels. It’s composed of stratified squamous epithelium. The dermis is the thick layer of the skin beneath the epidermis, and has conical dermal papillae passing into the spaces between the ridges.
6.) The subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis consists of loose connective and adipose tissues. It contains the major blood vessels that supply the skin.
8.) The layers of the epidermis are Stratum coneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, and Stratum basale.
13.) Hair follicle is tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops. Hair develops from a group of epidermal cells at the base of the hair follicle.
15.) Nails are formed from skin cells. Special cells called epithelium form nails.
16.) The function of sebaceous glands contains groups of specialized epithelial cells and is usually associated with hair follicles.
22.) Radiation is one way of heat loss. It infrared heat rays escape from warmer surfaces to cooler surroundings. Another is Conduction. When heat moves from the body directly into the molecules of cooler objects in contact with its surface. The last one is to evaporation. When the body temperature rises above normal, The nervous system stimulates eccrine sweat glands to release sweat onto the surface of the skin.
25.) The Physiological Factors of the skin are Cyanosis, Carotene, and jaundice. Cyanosis is when the blood oxygen concentration is low, hemoglobin is dark red, and the skin appears bluish. A yellow-orange pigment causes carotene. It may give skin a yellowish cast if a person consumes too much of it. Jaundice can also cause a yellowish skin tone. A sequence of liver malfunction.
27.) A first degree is on the burning of the epidermis. Second degree is a burn that destroys some epidermis as well as some underlying dermis. Third degree is a burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and the accessory organs of the skin.
28.) One possible treatment is autograph. It’s when you take skin from an area of your body and place it in another area. Another is homograph. It’s when cadaveric skin from a skin bank may be used to cover the injury. The last one is heterograph. Its when you take another persons skin and add it to your body.
29.) Aging of skin is caused when the cell cycle slows, cells tend to grow larger and more irregular in shape. When you have liver spots its when sites of oxidation of fats in the secretory cells of apcrine and eccrine glands and reflect formation of oxygen free radicals. Also, when slowed melanin production causes hair to become gray or white as the follicle becomes a increasingly transparent.
3.) These burns are superficial with injury to the epidermis and superficial dermis. These are second-degree burns and are characterized by ruptured weeping blisters. They are also erythematous and painful. Superficial partial-thickness burns heal spontaneously within 1-3 weeks. Deep partial thickness: These are deep burns with injury to the epidermis and deeper dermis, but some viable dermis remains. These are also considered second-degree burns but are whiter and less erythematous as the depth into the dermis increases.
6.) When the temperature rises outside, the body tries to cool itself by sweating and when this occurs, dehydration can become a concern, especially for children. Babies and small children feel the effects of heat faster and more seriously than adults, so keeping them hydrated is essential, Nearly 60 percent of the human body is made of water. Dehydration is result of loss of water and salts from the body. Water plays an important role in nearly every major function in the body including regulating body temperature, carrying nutrients and oxygen to cells, removing waste, cushioning joints and protecting organs and tissues.
8.) It will prevent the skin from blistering and peeling and will remove any inflammation caused by sunburn.
Review Questions
4.) Six functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation, storage and synthesis, excretion, and absorption.
5.) The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, and it lacks blood vessels. It’s composed of stratified squamous epithelium. The dermis is the thick layer of the skin beneath the epidermis, and has conical dermal papillae passing into the spaces between the ridges.
6.) The subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis consists of loose connective and adipose tissues. It contains the major blood vessels that supply the skin.
8.) The layers of the epidermis are Stratum coneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, and Stratum basale.
13.) Hair follicle is tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops. Hair develops from a group of epidermal cells at the base of the hair follicle.
15.) Nails are formed from skin cells. Special cells called epithelium form nails.
16.) The function of sebaceous glands contains groups of specialized epithelial cells and is usually associated with hair follicles.
22.) Radiation is one way of heat loss. It infrared heat rays escape from warmer surfaces to cooler surroundings. Another is Conduction. When heat moves from the body directly into the molecules of cooler objects in contact with its surface. The last one is to evaporation. When the body temperature rises above normal, The nervous system stimulates eccrine sweat glands to release sweat onto the surface of the skin.
25.) The Physiological Factors of the skin are Cyanosis, Carotene, and jaundice. Cyanosis is when the blood oxygen concentration is low, hemoglobin is dark red, and the skin appears bluish. A yellow-orange pigment causes carotene. It may give skin a yellowish cast if a person consumes too much of it. Jaundice can also cause a yellowish skin tone. A sequence of liver malfunction.
27.) A first degree is on the burning of the epidermis. Second degree is a burn that destroys some epidermis as well as some underlying dermis. Third degree is a burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and the accessory organs of the skin.
28.) One possible treatment is autograph. It’s when you take skin from an area of your body and place it in another area. Another is homograph. It’s when cadaveric skin from a skin bank may be used to cover the injury. The last one is heterograph. Its when you take another persons skin and add it to your body.
29.) Aging of skin is caused when the cell cycle slows, cells tend to grow larger and more irregular in shape. When you have liver spots its when sites of oxidation of fats in the secretory cells of apcrine and eccrine glands and reflect formation of oxygen free radicals. Also, when slowed melanin production causes hair to become gray or white as the follicle becomes a increasingly transparent.
Monday, September 10, 2007
Article On Homestasis
Article on Homeostasis
This article talks about how humans and mammals needed to find calcium to survive. Calcium is good for your body. It helps keep bones strong and healthy. The article has very useful facts about how vitamin D helps your body regulate. You can get enough vitamin D from drinking dairy products."Calcium homeostasis helps from blood clots, maintaining blood levels, and good for muscle contraction."
My reaction to this is that people need to eat more dairy products than sodas and other soft drinks. Exercising is another way to stay healthy. To stay healthy you must do that in order to have strong bones. To many people, vitamin D harm people because it can cause ostetoclast.
This article talks about how humans and mammals needed to find calcium to survive. Calcium is good for your body. It helps keep bones strong and healthy. The article has very useful facts about how vitamin D helps your body regulate. You can get enough vitamin D from drinking dairy products."Calcium homeostasis helps from blood clots, maintaining blood levels, and good for muscle contraction."
My reaction to this is that people need to eat more dairy products than sodas and other soft drinks. Exercising is another way to stay healthy. To stay healthy you must do that in order to have strong bones. To many people, vitamin D harm people because it can cause ostetoclast.
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